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CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning)

Contextual Teaching and Learning
The students will learn effectively if they can make a connection between what they are learning with the experience they had, and also they actively involve in learning process in the classroom. Here, the researcher provides some sub-titles relates to Contextual Teaching and Learning. They are the understanding of CTL, the characteristic of CTL, the components of CTL, and the procedure of CTL in teaching vocabulary.

CTL

The Understanding of  Contextual Teaching and Learning
Here, several attempts have been made to define the meaning of CTL approach. In the process of searching the meaning of CTL, the researcher has found several definitions about it from different resources.

Based on Burhanudi in Pembelajaran Kontekstual  (CTL) dan pembelajaranya dalam KBK there is a definition about CTL from Washington State Consortium for Contextual Teaching and Learning : Contextual teaching is teaching that enables students to reinforce, explain and apply their academic knowledge and skills in a variety of in school and out of school settings in order to solve simulated or real world problems (Nurhadi burhanudi :2004)

CTL called contextual approach because the concept of learning that help teacher’s content associate between the lesson and the real world situation with the students and encourage students to make the relationship between knowledge held by the implementations in their lives as members of the community.

According to Johnson, CTL is describing as follows:
Contextual teaching and learning is an educational process that aims to help students see meaning in the academic material they are studying by connecting academic subjects with the context of their daily lives, that is, with context of their personal, social, and cultural circumstance. To achieve this aim, the system encompasses the following components: making meaningful connections, doing significant work, self-regulated learning, and collaborating, critical and creative thinking, nurturing the individual, reaching high standards, using authentic assessment (Johnson, 2002) p. 25

Contextual teaching and learning is the concept of learning that help teacher’s linking between the subjects with the real world situation of student and encourage students to make relationship between knowledge by implementations in their life as family members.

Contextual teaching and learning approach is an educational process that aims to help students see meaning in the academic material they are studying by connecting academic subject with the context of their daily lives, that is, with the context of their personal, social and cultural circumstance. To achieve this aim the system encompasses the following eight components: active, self-regulated, learning, making connection, significant work, critical and reaching high standard, using authentic. (Us Department of Education, 2001)

Contextual teaching and learning process that used an approach which is able to help teachers to relate the material of the lesson to the real situation is the best method. This approach motivates students to relate their knowledge which gathered in the class to applicant in their life as a member of family, society and as an employer of an intention later.

Contextual teaching and learning is defined as a conception of teaching and learning that helps teachers relate subject matter content to real world situations; and motivates students to make connections between knowledge and its applications to their lives as family members, citizens, and workers and engage in the hard work that learning require. Thus, CTL helps students connect the content they are learning to the life contexts in which that content could be used. Students then find meaning in the learning process. As they strive to attain learning goals, they draw upon their previous experiences and build upon existing knowledge. By learning subjects in an integrated, multidisciplinary manner and in appropriate contexts, they are able to use the acquired knowledge and skills in applicable contexts. (Berns and Erickson 2001)

Briefly, we can say that contextual teaching and learning is a process of teaching and learning which the material and the action have relation with the student’s experience out of their school. Other definition of contextual teaching learning approach is learning solving problem, teaching and learning in various contexts, teaching students learning by themselves and learning together in a group are very important.Based on the theories, the CTL philosophy was developed. CTL is a proven concept that incorporates much of the most recent research in cognitive science. It is also a reaction to the essentially behaviorist theory that have dominated American education for many decades. CTL is promoted as the alternative for the new learning strategy. CTL emphasizes the learning process through ‘constructing’ not memorizing and teaching is interpreted as an activity of inquiring process not only transferring knowledge to the students. In CTL, students are expected to develop their own understanding from their past experience or knowledge (assimilation). It is important because our brain or human mind functioned as the instrument for interpreting knowledge so that it will have a unique sense.

From those definitions above the researcher concludes that all of those have the same concept which can be said an approach of teaching and learning relating the materials and classroom activities to real situation and actual experiences focusing on the learning process leading to creativity, critically thinking, problem solving and being able to apply knowledge in their lives.
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